Social Contract Theory - Summary
•Birth of Liberalism and Human Rights
•State of Nature: humans are free & equal
•Law of Nature. How to learn and implement it?
•What is Human Being? What is Society?
•What is Rule, Governance, Politics?
•Natural Rights Doctrine
•Transformation of the Rule/State
•Transformation of Legitimacy of Power
•Birth of Civil Society, Public Opinion
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C:\Karel\přednášky\POL MYŠ\JJR Social contract.jpg



Rousseau Jean Jacques
1712 – 1778
•Geneva, Maverick, on the run
•Pantheon in Paris (1794)
•State of nature as normative guide, critique of society, civilization as decadent
•Fault of ownership x savage
•Morality as natural, innate
•Instinct/emotions as its source
•Marxism, romantics, environmentalism …
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French revolution 1789
•Declaration of Independence 1776
•Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens 1789 (Lafayette, Sieyés, Mirabeau)
•Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizens (Olympe de Gouge)
•Napoleon: Code Civil 1804
•Habsburgs: ABGB 1811
•Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus Civilis, 1756
•Universal Delaration of Human Rights 1948

„ Until the end of the second world war and revolution in the mass media, these models of democracy
clearly distinguished Anglo-American tradition from continental Europe“ (Giovanny Sartori).
•Rationalistic Democracy Empirical Democracy
•Enlightenment - Normative Empirical - Pragmatic
•Ideas Facts
•Deduction Induction
•Idealism, Utopian Realism
•What is Democracy? Making Democracy Work?
•Principals, Values Procedures
•Intellectuals/Writers Politicians
•Revolution – a New Beginning Evolution – Hereditary Right
•Break with the Past Continuity
•Legal State (Rechtstaat) Rule of Law
•Code Law Case Law
•Private & Public Law Common Law & Equity
•Volk/People - Singular We the People - Plural
•Representation Leadership
•Parliamentary System Cabinet/Presidential System
•Proportional System Majority System
•Neo-Corporativism/Centralisms Pluralism/Lobbing Regulation
•Intellectually Appealing Unappealing
•Less effective More effective
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