AFGHANISTAN
•General Information
•History
•Long War
•Terrorism
•Current Situation
•Presentation by:
•Shahzad Aryobee

Afghanistan
•GENERAL INFORMATION:
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LOCATION, POPULATION AND ETHNIC GROUPS
•Afghanistan is a land-locked country which is situated in heart of south-central Asia. The capital
of Afghanistan is its largest city, Kabul. Afghanistan is bounded to the east and south
by Pakistan, to the west by Iran, and to the north by the Central Asian states
of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. It also has a short border with Xinjiang, China, at
the end of the long Wakhan Corridor.
•Current population estimates are therefore rough approximations, which show
that Pashtuns comprise above 50 percent, Tajiks are about 20 percent, while Hazara are about 8
percent, Uzbek are about 7 percent, the rest Turkman, Aimak, and other ethnic groups each account
for small portions of the population.

PLACES, REGIONS AND PHYSICAL SYSTEM
•Afghanistan lies at the crossroads of three major regions.
•South Asia - Pakistan and India lie to the east
•Southwest Asia/Middle East - Iran, Iraq, and the Persian gulf lie to the west.
•Central Asia - five republics of the former Soviet Union lie to the north: Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.
•Afghanistan is mainly mountainous with steep isolated valleys. The Hindu Kush Mountains extend
northeast to southeast through Afghanistan. The Paropamisus lie in the Northwest.
•Several peaks rise to an elevation of over 20,000 feet.
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HISTORY
•Afghanistan has had a long history of internal and external conflicts, including two wars:
•The First Anglo-Afghan War also known by the British as the Disaster in Afghanistan was fought
between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842.
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•Since the fall of the royal system in 1973, Afghanistan has faced repeatedly failure or at least
crisis of political leadership.
•Second an invasion by the Soviet Union in 1979. Since the Soviets left in 1989, Afghanistan has
experienced many internal conflicts over control of the country.
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HISTORY
•Modern Afghanistan became a pawn in struggles over political ideology and commercial influence. In
the last quarter of the 20th century, Afghanistan suffered the ruinous effects of civil war
greatly exacerbated by a military invasion and occupation by the Soviet Union. In subsequent armed
struggles, a surviving Afghan communist regime held out against Islamic insurgents and, following a
brief rule by mujahideen groups, an austere movement—the Taliban.
•By 1998, first time the Taliban were in control of almost 90% of Afghanistan.
•The Taliban regime collapsed in December 2001. Soon thereafter, anti-Taliban forces agreed to a
period of transitional leadership and an administration that would lead to a new constitution and
the establishment of a democratically elected government.
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HISTORY
•Even since 2002 after the end of Afghanistan’s isolation and excessive foreign grants, funding and
investment in building institutions, strange things that happened in Afghanistan.
•The most significant change; Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan, the national flag changed from
black, red and green to white.
•These significant changes were hard to imagine until three months ago.
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TERRORISM
•The most common roots of terrorism in the region are in Pakistan. Further some more terrorism
causes are including civilizations or culture clashes, globalization, religion, conflicts such as
Israeli with Palestinian, Kashmir issue between Pakistan and India, the conflict in Iraq and in
Afghanistan started from the invasion and occupation of Russian. More personal or individual-based
reasons for terrorism are frustration, deprivation, negative identity, narcissistic rage, and/or
moral disengagement.
•There are Five Types of Terrorism Identified in the Glob.
•State-Sponsored terrorism, which consists of terrorist acts on a state or government by a state or
government.
•Dissent terrorism, which are terrorist groups which have rebelled against their government.
•Terrorists and the Left and Right, which are groups rooted in political ideology.
•Religious terrorism, are terrorist groups which are extremely religiously motivated and
•Criminal Terrorism, which are terrorists’ acts used to aid in crime and criminal profit.
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TERRORISM AND THE NATURE OF THREAT IN AFGHANISTAN
•Afghanistan has entered again to a critical time in its history. To study the ongoing conflict,
the last over twenty years of war and strategically analysis the security threats, security
situation and nature of threat in Afghanistan, there are three umbrella terrorist organizations
operating and active in Afghanistan:
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•The Taliban, 2. Al-Qaeda and 3. Daesh (ISIS):
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•Taliban are the main umbrella organization in Afghanistan that provides an ecosystem for Daesh and
Al Qaeda. Part of the Taliban a threatening group is the Haqqani Network, which receive all kind of
support and undertaking operation in close cooperation of ISI Pakistan. Taliban cooperate…
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TERRORISM AND THE NATURE OF THREAT IN AFGHANISTAN
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•with Daesh when they have joint objectives in operation in some part of the country but fight each
other as well where they have competing objectives. Daesh has strong international network and have
experts that brings technology and training from outside, uses the breeding ground that the Taliban
provide, and pursue their objectives. Furthermore, numerous other small groups are active in
various part of the country, which most of them are connected the terror groups are operating and
active inside Pakistan.
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•To see and analysis these terror groups from every aspect the relationship between the Taliban and
Al-Qaeda are stronger than the relationship between Daesh and the Taliban. Al-Qaeda promote the
objective, recruit and brings international terrorist expertise for the Taliban, and the Taliban
provide them space for planning attacks abroad. It needs to be noted that Al Qaeda is not dead in
Afghanistan and it can re-emerge every-where. Al Qaeda, the Haqqani Network, or Daesh and of course
these are strategic threats in the country. In North Eastern provinces of Afghanistan there are
Daesh fighters who were composed of ETIM of China, IMU of Uzbekistan, and Jundullah of Tajikistan.

Pakistani Terrorist Groups and Networks
•Recent TLBN development and control over Afghanistan have been fully supported by Pakistan ISI.
•Until now, Pakistan's ISI was dispatching its proxies to Afghanistan in an unorganized manner.
•Withdrawal of US forces from Afg provided TLBN and their Pakistan supporters time to strengthen
their network.
•Pakistani terrorist groups seek to join merge the TLBN with the Haqqani network and AQ for joint
activities.
•Recently, LET, JEM, Tanzeem Al-Badr, and other Pakistani terrorist groups have established large
new camps in Pakistan to train by name of ISIS-k.
•Pakistani terrorist groups, including TTP, LET, LEI, JEM, JUA, TAB, LEJ
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Last twenty years in Afghanistan spent and loses
•The U.S. spent $145 billion (security forces, civilian government institutions, economy, and civil
society).
•The Department of Defense has also spent $837 billion on warfighting,
•2,443 American troops killed
•1,144 allied troops killed
•20,666 U.S. troops injured.
•At least 66,000 Afghan troops killed.
•More than 48,000 Afghan civilians killed
•at least 75,000 have been injured since 2001
•(likely significant underestimations) Data from SIGAR report
•Other countries were also part of the foreign troop presence in the country, including other
members of the NATO alliance.
•But the US had by far the biggest single contingent.
•The UK and Germany - who had the largest numbers of troops in Afghanistan after the US - spent an
estimated $30bn and $19bn respectively over the course of the war.
Troops
Civilians

Who to blame for the swift collapse of the democratically elected Afghan Government after 20 years
of war, spend and loses?
•United States President Joe Biden,
•Former President Donald Trump,
•Ambassador Zalmai Khalilzad,
•Pakistan's military,
•The exiled Afghan Government,
•The Taliban,
•Or the other members of the international community, who now appear to have walked away.
Afghans are now experiencing one of the worst humanitarian and economical crises in the world.
Who is responsible for the current humanitarian and economic crisis in the country?
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•It is clear that Pakistan fueled the war in Afghanistan and played a double game and had a duel
policy with the Afghanistan and IC.
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•Pakistan’s intervention severely ruined the country's government system, the Afghan National Army,
and achievements of the last twenty years.
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•At the same time, the so-called Doha agreement between the United States and the Taliban paved the
way for the Taliban to gain false credibility and legitimacy and pernicious effect on the Afghan
Government and military.
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•Finally, immediate and irresponsible withdrawal announcements caused the catastrophe, which
impacted millions of people to suffer and undergo sacrifices.

Current Situation
•It has been more than a month and a half since the Taliban took over power in Afghanistan. The
situation in Afghanistan become extremely worrying and is in highly critical.
•Unemployment has risen,
•Hunger has become very frustrating.
•Various statistics show that more than 90% of people struggle with hunger.
•The poverty rate is spiraling, the basic public services are almost close to collapse and at the
same time, Afghanistan faces a severe drought –
• The second to hit the country in four years. Many people have already run out of food items while
the winter is approaching.
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Current Situation
•As per the UN-OCHA reports, recurrent natural disasters, chronic poverty, drought and the COVID-19
pandemic have left more than 18 million people in Afghanistan in need of humanitarian assistance.
The recent escalation in conflict and the resulting upheaval have exacerbated needs and further
complicated an extremely challenging operational context.
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Current Situation
•The UNICEF reported that the humanitarian situation in Afghanistan has deteriorated in recent
months due to the conflict with the political power shift, COVID-19, and drought. Even at the onset
of 2021, nearly 10 million children need humanitarian assistance.
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Current Situation
•Due to an escalation of conflict across the country, many people were displaced in Kabul and other
large cities, seeking safety from the conflict and other threats. In addition, UNHCR published a
report that the newest wave of conflict has forced more than half a million people from their homes
so far in 2021.  The crisis is taking a heavy toll on women and children, who make up 80% of
Afghanistan's internally displaced people. Alongside homelessness and the threat of violence,
displaced Afghans are facing drought, food scarcity, COVID-19 and a health system at breaking
point.
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Current Situation
•ICRC officials warned of a collapse of the health system in Afghanistan and more than 2,000 health
facilities have been closed.  Afghanistan is also in dire need of medicines.
•A Norwegian aid agency reported that Afghanistan's economy is on the verge of collapse.
•In addition, the European Union reported that Afghanistan's economic and social systems are on the
brink of collapse and warns that a humanitarian catastrophe could occur if economic problems are
not appropriately addressed.
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Peace is the main demand of Afghanistan's people, which the people of Afghanistan suffering for
several decades.
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•• Failed….. because has no clear nation-building strategy in Afghanistan, but the nation-building
process has suffered dramatically.
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•• Reasons…. Foreign interference, ideological, cultural and intelligence aggression was seen as a
major obstacle to the unity of the Afghan nation.
•Result: In view of this fact, failed to build the fundamental of nation-building in Afghanistan..
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•Thank you for the attention
•Any Question