MODERNISATION – BIRTH OF NATION STATES
 1455 1774 Literacy

      1517   1648           1781 Secularization

             1759  1765 1884 Industrialization

           1784   1833  1859  1868/9 Commodification

  1781 1848 Urbanization

                         1893 1906   1918 Democratization

TIME-SPACE DISTANCIATION
 SEPARATION
 EMPTY TIME END SPACE
 DISENBEDDING MECHANISM
EXPERT SYSTEMS (Railways to Internet)
SYMBOLIC TOKEN (Money, Language)

THE INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF MODERNITY
ANTHONY GIDDENS


SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION & MEDIA OF MIGHT/POWER
NIKLAS LUHMANN
 Love, Solidarity
 Money
 Knowledge (Communication)
 Reputation (Trust)

EUROPEAN
UNION
2023

EUROPE
2000


EUROPE
1900


EUROPE
1800


EUROPE
1700


EUROPE
1600


EUROPE
1500


EUROPE
1400


CEE 1918-23_