EUROPEAN IDENTITY (DELANTY)
 Historical perspective
 Europeanness as (Western) Christendom
 Constitutive others/outside - role of Islam & Orthodoxy
 Significance of Crusades/Crusaders, Constantinople seized (1453)
 1492 (New World) – colonization & the end of Reconquista
 Double schism (Roman x Orthodoxy; Catholics x Protestants)
 Religious war, Victory of Protestantism
 Peace of Westphalia (1648)
 European identity as set of values (cultures)

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MODERNISATION – BIRTH OF NATION STATES
 1455 1774 Literacy

      1517   1648           1781 Secularization

             1759  1765 1884 Industrialization

           1784   1833  1859  1868/9 Commodification

  1781 1848 Urbanization

                         1893 1906   1918 Democratization

TIME-SPACE DISTANCIATION
 SEPARATION
 EMPTY TIME END SPACE
 DISEMBEDDING MECHANISM
EXPERT SYSTEMS (Railways to Internet)
SYMBOLIC TOKEN (Money, Language)

THE INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF MODERNITY
ANTHONY GIDDENS


SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION & MEDIA OF MIGHT/POWER
NIKLAS LUHMANN
 Love, Solidarity
 Money
 Knowledge (Communication)
 Reputation (Trust)

EUROPEAN
UNION
2023

EUROPE
2000


EUROPE
1900


EUROPE
1800


EUROPE
1700


EUROPE
1600


EUROPE
1500


EUROPE
1400


CEE 1918-23_